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Nursing care of child patient with acute pancreatitis.
ŽENÍŠKOVÁ, Pavla
Abstract Child patient acute pancreatitis nursing care Current status: Acute pancreatitis is an inflammatory disease of the pancreas. This disease can be classified as an acute abdominal event. The essence of the disease is the autodigestion of pancreas maternal tissues. The most common cause of pancreatitis in childhood is an infection. This infection may have viral, bacterial or parasitary origin. The main clinical symptom is abdominal pain, connected with vomiting. The diagnosis can be confirmed by a laboratory blood test, where increased values of amylase and lipase are found in the serum. For acute pancreatitis diagnosis in pediatric patients, a non invasive displaying method has remained unsurpassed up to now - ultrasonographic abdominal examination. The method is non-invasive, Quit and available examination. Based on the progression and form of the disease, the child patient is admitted to an intensive care unit, or to a standard ward. The onset of treatment requires the absolute prohibition of any intake of nutrition per os. The application of analgetics and antibiotics is also very important. Regarding the application of analgetics there are different opinions regarding opiate or non-opiate types., Some complications can occur in more serious forms of the disease, like biliar ways compression followed by icter, duodena stenosis and following ileus. There are also connected complications regarding the cardio vascular system and the gastroinstestinal tract. The prognosis is very good in milder forms of the disease. Acute pancreatitis can turn into the chronic disease in 15-35% of cases. Targets: The first target was to evaluate the acute pancreatitis growth rate in childhood in the Czech republic from 2004 up to 2014. The second target was to describe specific aspects of nursing care for the pediatric patient with acute pancreatitis during hospitalization, during follow up care and after being released home. Methodology and research group: The Institute of sanitary information and statistics was appproached regarding the achievment of the first tagret as were all seven health insurance companies operating in the Czech republic. The method of documents analysis and data collection was used to achieve the second target. The information was gathered from primary documentation and professional studies on the topic. Results: From 2010 there has been a constant and gradual growth of acute pancreatitis in pediatric patients in the Czech republic. While in 2010 there were 221 patients, in 2014 there were already 318 pediatric patients with this disease. The specific aspects of nursing care for a pediatric patient with acute pancreatitis are in early diagnostics, analgetics and antibiotics therapy, and mainly, in dietary measures. During hospitalization in an intensive care unit, or in a standard ward, the specific aspects of nursing care are the following: Physiological functions monitoring, pain monitoring, monitoring the intravenous catheter, or urine catheter if applicable, and nazogastric probe, observing the emptying and nutrition of a pediatric patient, and also in meeting the child´s needs. The most important aim after acute pancreatitis, is maintaining the correct diet. The gradual return of the child back to normal life is also very important. Conclusion: This disease can be classified as an acute abdominal event. The clinical image is accompanied by strong abdominal pain and vomiting. Ultrasonogprahic abdominal examination is the first option of displaying diagnostic methods. The treatment takes place during hospitalization in an intensive care unit or in a standard ward. Strict diet maintaining is the most important specific aspect. Practical recommendations: The outcome of the thesis is a brief summary of nursing care for a child with a past of acute pancreatitis when is discharged home.
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Present information level of parents concerning the vaccination possibilities
ZEMAN, Jaroslav
Questions arise nowadays, whether vaccination is needless or whether there are other forms of prevention that could replace mandatory vaccination. At the same time, people undergo vaccination out of obligation and do not seek further information. On the other hand, public awareness on vaccination is rising thanks to well-known vaccination against {\dots} or {\dots} This bachelor thesis on general awareness of vaccination describes present situation in České Budějovice and Litvinovice with emphasis on mothers aged 20 to 50. Quantitative analysis served as the research method with questionnaires used as the data-collection technique. Questionnaires were placed in offices of practitioners, local Hygiene station, local municipalities and in kindergartens. The objective was to ascertain the level of awareness of vaccination in the country and in a city, namely in Litvínovice and in České Budějovice, respectively. Differences between the country and a city as well as effect of education were studied, too. My research confirmed the hypothesis of people in the country refuse to get a vaccination less frequently and do not seek to make vaccination optional, whereas people who live in cities disapprove of vaccination more often and stand out for abolition of mandatory vaccination more often. Furthermore, mothers with higher education tend to seek alternatives to vaccination as for prevention. This thesis proved that mothers are often poorly informed or their knowledge on this topic is incomplete. Parents are not aware of possibilities of financing vaccination by public health insurance. I would recommend more information brochures and more detailed coverage of this topic in media. This thesis will be directly used by medical personnel in terms of creating an information leaflet, which would answer questions raised by my research, and by public health insurance companies, who will be made improve their information and education policy on vaccination refunds .
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